March 31, 2006
The rheumatoid shoulder: current consensus on diagnosis and treatment
Joint, Bone, Spine
Magnetic resonance imaging is useful for assessing the lesions and guiding
the treatment strategy. Stepwise use of local interventions as indicated by
imaging findings is recommended. Joint replacement should not be left too
late, and surgical procedures on the shoulder should be built into the
overall treatment plan...
Free Full Text
|
|
Imaging of congenital anomalies and variations of the caudal spine and back
in neonates and small infants
European Journal of Radiology
Spinal dysraphisms are categorized in open dysraphisms with prominent
abnormal nervous tissue above the skinlevel and closed dysraphisms with a
skin covered malformation. Especially the occult dysraphisms are marked by
suspect skin masses and other dermal anomalies...
Imaging of infectious spinal disorders in children and adults
European Journal of Radiology
The aim of this review article is to outline the imaging of infectious
disorders of the spine in adults and children. The clinical presentation,
potential routes of infection and the pathogens commonly identified are
discussed. The value of different imaging modalities in the diagnosis of
spinal infection is presented including radiographic, CT, MR imaging and
Nuclear Medicine including PET...
Degenerative spine disorders in the context of clinical findings
European Journal of Radiology
Hardly any other structure in the human body is held responsible for so many
complaints, pain, and costs as the spine and its degenerative disorders. In
the following article, the role of imaging procedures in diagnosing
disorders of the spine is presented. Due to the fact that disk herniation
represents the most frequent cause for degenerative disorders the anatomy of
the intervertebral disk and the pathology of the entities that can cause
diseases of the disks are described...
Imaging in scoliosis from the orthopaedic surgeon's point of view
European Journal of Radiology
For treating patients with scoliosis orthopaedic surgeons need diagnostic
imaging procedures in order to provide answers about a possible underlying
disease, choice of treatment, and prognosis. Once treatment is instituted,
imaging is also critical for monitoring changes of the deformity so as to
optimize therapy...
Transarterial embolization of primary and secondary tumors of the skeletal
system
European Journal of Radiology
Percutaneous transcatheteral embolizations of primary and secondary bone
tumors are important minimal invasive angiographic interventions of the
skeletal system. In most of the cases embolization is performed for
preoperative devascularization or as a palliative measure to treat
tumor-associated pain or other tumor bulk symptoms...
Diagnostic strategies in spinal trauma
European Journal of Radiology
Spinal injuries may result in severe neurological deficits, especially if
nerve roots or even the spinal cord are affected. Besides presenting the
important anatomical and technical basis underlying the imaging findings of
spinal injuries, the trauma mechanisms and the resulting injuries are
discussed...
Imaging and differential diagnosis of primary bone tumors and tumor-like
lesions of the spine
European Journal of Radiology
Primary bone tumors and tumor-like lesions of the spine and sacrum are rare.
A wide variety of benign and malignant lesions can arise in the spine and
sacrum. Specific diagnosis is based on the location, matrix appearance and
patient's age at time of presentation. In this location CT is often
necessary for matrix characterization, particularly, detection of
mineralization...
March 29, 2006
Atlantoaxial Osteoarthritis in Rheumatoid Arthritis: FDG PET/CT Findings
Clinical Nuclear Medicine
The cervical spine is a common focus of destruction in patients with
rheumatoid arthritis, and the resultant instability and neural compression
represent severe complications in these patients. Evaluation of disease
activity at the level of the atlantoaxial joint is important in such cases.
Here, we report a 47-year-old man with a 3-year history of rheumatoid
arthritis. FDG PET/CT clearly demonstrated a hot spot in the atlantoaxial
area, suggesting high metabolic activity of synovitis...
PET/CT of a Brodie Abscess
Clinical Nuclear Medicine
Brodie abscess is a rare, localized type of subacute or chronic pyogenic
osteomyelitis, usually of staphylococcal origin. Imaging with standard
radiographs, bone scintigraphy, and MRI has been described in the
literature. We present the case of a 28-year-old patient with pain in the
right knee...
|
|
Non-destructive studies of tissue-engineered phalanges by magnetic resonance
microscopy and X-ray microtomography
Bone
One of the intents of tissue engineering is to fabricate biological
materials for the augmentation or replacement of impaired, damaged, or
diseased human tissue. In this context, novel models of the human phalanges
have been developed recently through suturing of polymer scaffolds
supporting osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and tenocytes to mimic bone,
cartilage, and tendon, respectively...
Comparison of ultrasonography and radiography in assessment of the heel pad
compressibility index of patients with plantar heel pain syndrome.
Measurement of the fat pad in plantar heel pain syndrome
Joint, Bone, Spine
Conclusion: Measuring unloaded and loaded heel pad thickness by
ultrasonography is reliable in the adult feet with heel pain. The preference
of ultrasonography is reasonable in the studies involving the heel fat
pad...
Free Full Text
March 27, 2006
Imaging Characteristics of Bone Graft Materials
Radiographics
Bone graft materials are widely used in reconstructive orthopedic procedures
to promote new bone formation and bone healing, provide a substrate and
scaffolding for development of bone structure, and function as a means for
direct antibiotic delivery. Bone graft materials include autografts,
allografts, and synthetic substitutes...
CME
March 24, 2006
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Articular Cartilage
American Journal of Sports Medicine
The assessment of articular cartilage using magnetic resonance imaging has
seen considerable advances in recent years...An overview of the advances,
current techniques, and impact of magnetic resonance imaging in the setting
of trauma, degenerative arthritides, and surgical treatment for cartilage
injury is presented...
|
March 20, 2006
Benign primary tumours of the ribs
Clinical Radiology
Benign primary tumours of the ribs are rare and may be identified during
the investigation of a clinically suspected abnormality or as an
incidental finding. This review describes the spectrum of benign tumours
that can involve the rib and illustrates the radiographic, computed
tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging appearances that may
facilitate diagnosis...
|
 |
Computed tomography whole body imaging in multi-trauma: 7 years experience
Clinical Radiology
Conclusion: Over the 7-year period in a large acute National Health Service
(NHS) hospital trust currently averaging 85,000 ED attendances per year only
296 patients fulfilled the stated criteria for an immediate multi-trauma CT
study. Although disruptive in the short-term, the overall impact on workload
was small. A wide range of significant injuries were demonstrated rapidly,
accurately and safely, including 19 cervical spine fractures and 26
pneumothoraces not detected on plain radiographs...
March 17, 2006
The Postoperative Patellofemoral Joint: Expected Radiological Appearances
and Complications
Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology
The following learning objectives will be covered in this article: (1) To
briefly review the range of surgical options for patellofemoral joint
disorders; and (2) to recognize the expected appearances and complications
of the postoperative patellofemoral joint on conventional radiography and
cross sectional imaging...
|
|
|
| |
Spinal Infections: Diagnostic Tests and Imaging Studies
Clinical Orthopedics and Related Research
Computed tomography provides structural details in the bone and
intervertebral disc but magnetic resonance imaging is a superior imaging
test for diagnosing infections earlier and more accurately. In many
patients, percutaneous or open biopsy is required to make the definitive
diagnosis of discitis or osteomyelitis and the organism responsible for the
infection. Early and accurate diagnosis of spinal infections will lead to
less invasive treatment for the patient...
Subchondral bone micro-architectural alterations in osteoarthritis: a
synchrotron micro-computed tomography study
Osteoarthritis and Cartilage
Conclusion: Subchondral bone changes were mainly observed in advanced OA,
when cartilage has been deleted and preserved in adjacent area. These data
suggest that subchondral bone changes would be rather secondary to the
cartilage deterioration than a primitive mechanism of OA. Nevertheless,
longitudinal data could bring more accurate conclusions...
March 13, 2006
Pseudoaneurysm of the medial inferior genicular artery following anterior
cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstring tendon autograft
The Knee
Vascular injuries associated with arthroscopic surgery of the knee are
uncommon. Pseudoaneurysm of the medial inferior genicular artery after
hamstring tendon ACL reconstruction has not been reported yet. Diagnosis can
be obtained clinically if continuous filling of the drain, hard and painful
swelling of the lower leg, pulsatile swelling or mass in the region of the
affected joint, are present. Definitive confirmation of the diagnosis can be
achieved by sonography and angiography...
Free Full Text
March 10, 2006
Screening for low bone mass with quantitative ultrasonography in a community
without dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry: population-based survey
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the criterion standard to identify
low bone mineral density (BMD), but access to axial DXA may be limited or
cost prohibitive...Conclusion: Age-related decreases in calcaneal
ultrasonometry, which reflected the prevalence of low bone mass, were more
obvious in women than in men...
|
March 9, 2006
The Bristol Hip View: a new hypothetical radiographic projection for
femoral neck fractures
British Journal of Radiology
This experimental study is to evaluate a modified radiographic view of
the femoral neck in the assessment of femoral fractures. A dry femur and
pelvis was set up in a rig to simulate the positioning of a routine
anteroposterior (AP) pelvis X-ray view. Films were exposed to create a
routine AP pelvis, AP hip and two views with external tube angulation of
15� and 30�. Observers were asked to evaluate the films using a visual
analogue score on two separate occasions...
|
|
|
| |
Quantitative assessment of hip osteoarthritis based on image texture
analysis
British Journal of Radiology
A non-invasive method was developed to investigate the potential capacity of
digital image texture analysis in evaluating the severity of hip
osteoarthritis (OA) and in monitoring its progression. 19 textural features
evaluating patterns of pixel intensity fluctuations were extracted from 64
images of radiographic hip joint spaces (HJS), corresponding to 32 patients
with verified unilateral or bilateral OA...
Radiology of Shoulder Prostheses
Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology
This article is chiefly limited to the routine radiographic evaluation of
shoulder arthroplasties and guidelines to their interpretation. Other
imaging modalities for the evaluation of joint replacements are discussed
elsewhere in this issue. The basic types of shoulder reconstructions and
some of the shoulder replacement designs in previous and current use at The
New York Orthopedic Hospital at Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center are
illustrated, along with the indications and contraindications of the various
types of reconstructions...
Imaging of Hip Arthroplasty
Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology
Radiography is the mainstay of the imaging evaluation of the prosthetic hip,
but arthrography, aspiration, scintigraphy, sonography, computed tomography,
and magnetic resonance imaging all have roles in the evaluation of the
painful prosthesis. This article reviews the appearance of normal hip
arthroplasty as well as the appearances of potential complications...
Small Joint Arthroplasty
Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology
There is little published on the radiology of small joint arthroplasty when
compared with the commonly performed hip or knee replacement. The types of
joint replacement, their clinical efficacy, and the expected radiographic
appearances are reviewed for each of these upper and lower extremity joints.
Potential complications and their radiographic appearances are presented...
Radiographic Signs of Osseointegration in Porous-coated Acetabular
Components
Clinical Orthopedics and Related Research
There currently is no direct method to radiographically determine
osseointegration of an uncemented, porous-coated acetabular component. We
defined five radiographic signs for detecting acetabular osseointegration:
(1) absence of radiolucent lines; (2) presence of a superolateral buttress;
(3) medial stress-shielding; (4) radial trabeculae; and (5) an inferomedial
buttress...
Fatigue Bone Injuries Causing Anterior Lower Leg Pain
Clinical Orthopedics and Related Research
Shin splints, or stress-related anterior lower leg pain, seem to arise from
numerous causes, including stress fractures. We retrospectively reviewed 154
consecutive military patients who had magnetic resonance imaging during a
5-year period for stress-related anterior lower leg pain...
Computer-assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty Using Patient-specific Templating
Clinical Orthopedics and Related Research
Computer-assisted analyses of six random computed tomography scans showed
mean errors for alignment and bone resection within 1.7[degrees] and 0.8 mm
(maximum, 2.3[degrees] and 1.2 mm, respectively). Patient-specific templates
are a practical alternative to conventional instrumentations, but additional
clinical validation is required before clinical use...
Imaging of Total Knee Arthroplasty
Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology
Painful total knee arthroplasty (TKA) represents a diagnostic challenge for
the clinician and radiologist, as there is a wide variety of potential
etiologies, with a broad range of clinical presentations, and the
abnormalities on imaging studies are often subtle, absent, or nonspecific.
Imaging findings of normal TKA are reviewed, in addition to a variety of
complications such as loosening, infection, instability, osteolysis,
heterotopic ossification, extensor mechanism disruption, and fracture...
|
March 2, 2006
Do we need radiographs to diagnose osteoarthritis?
Best Practice & Research: Clinical Rheumatology
The usefulness of plain radiography in the diagnosis of osteoarthritis is
reviewed. While plain radiography is frequently used to define
osteoarthritis in research and is traditionally discussed as a diagnostic
modality in clinical practice, recent magnetic resonance imaging studies
suggest that plain radiography has limited ability to detect osteoarthritic
features at an early stage of disease such as might be encountered in
general practice...
|
|
| |
| |
Which radiographic techniques should we use for research and clinical practice?
Best Practice & Research: Clinical Rheumatology
Based upon published data, the different methods of imaging the knee joint are
evaluated with respect to the radiographic procedure and anatomical structures
recorded in: (1) images from radiographs of the tibiofemoral joint that have
been obtained from the non-weight-bearing and weight-bearing extended knee views
and the standardized knee flexion positions using fluoroscopy (semi-flexed and
Lyon Schuss views) and non-fluoroscopic methods (MTP and fixed flexion); and (2)
images from radiographs of the patellofemoral joint obtained from the lateral
and the different axial views of the joint...
March 1, 2006
Preservation of thoracic spine microarchitecture by alendronate: Comparison of
histology and microCT
Bone
The effect of bisphosphonates on trabecular microarchitecture may contribute to
the reduced risk of vertebral fracture with treatment independent of the bone
volume...Reduced vertebral fracture risk with alendronate may be due to a
combination of factors including the increased bone volume, reduced turnover and
greater mineralization reported by others. Added to this is now suggested the
preservation of several aspects of vertebral cancellous architecture, with
microscopy the most sensitive method of analysis...
|
